Storm chasers near the tornado can report in real time.
A defining relative clause can lose its pronoun — and sometimes the verb be as well. What is left still describes the same noun.
People who are interested in storm chasing can stream this interview.
People interested in storm chasing can stream this interview.
× the relative pronoun
× sometimes be
Nothing is added, nothing moves. Words are only deleted.
Look at the words straight after who, which or that. They decide what you can delete.
tornadoes that we have seen
→ tornadoes we've seen or heard about
People who are interested in…
→ People interested in storm chasing
chasers who are near the tornado
→ chasers near the tornado
Delete the pronoun and the tense, and you are left with an -ing form (active) or a past participle (passive).
If the pronoun is the subject of its clause and no form of be follows it, the pronoun has to stay.
the film which Tom recommended
→ the film Tom recommended
the man who lives next door
→ the man lives next door (no subject left)
The man ^ lives next door is a pilot.
Correct: the man who lives next door…
People are interested in it can stream it.
Correct: people interested in it…
My brother, ^ I saw yesterday, has moved.
Correct: my brother, who I saw yesterday…
the letters sending yesterday
Correct: the letters sent yesterday.
Say the answer out loud — then tap to check.
The parcel deliveredA this morning containedB the documents requesting by the lawyerC, whichD were urgent.
Cthe documents requesting by the lawyer → the documents requested by the lawyer
✓ a passive reduction takes the past participle
The list of people attending the ceremony wereA publishedB yesterday, andC the hall isD already full.
AThe list of people attending the ceremony were → The list of people attending the ceremony was
✓ the head noun is list → was
The train leavingA from platform four isB the express, andC the one stopped at every stationD leaves later.
Dthe one stopped at every station → the one stopping at every station
✓ an active reduction takes -ing
Describe things without using who, which or that.
Commas mean a non-defining clause — and those never reduce.