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Am, is, are + -ing โ talking about what's happening right now.
Describing past situations and states with was and were.
Describing people, places and things with am, is and are.
Habits, routines and facts with all verbs except to be.
Was/were + -ing โ actions in progress in the past, often interrupted.
Talking about completed past actions with regular and irregular verbs.
Past habits and states that no longer exist.
General truths, facts and things that always happen.
Learn the fixed sequence English uses when two or more adjectives come before a noun.
When to use a/an, the, or no article with countable and uncountable nouns.
Using can, could, be able to, manage to and succeed in.
Real possibilities and their likely results.
Who, which, where and when โ clauses that define exactly who or what we mean.
A focused review of five core tenses: simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, and present perfect.
Will, going to, present progressive and simple present for the future.
Actions in progress at a future moment: will be + -ing.
Using might, may, could, probably and definitely to express how sure you are.
Using after, as soon as, before, until and when with the present simple for future events.
Using verb+ing forms as the subject and object of a sentence.
Polite embedded questions using statement word order and introductory phrases.
Purpose, verb + object, verb + infinitive and adjective + infinitive.
Use must, might, may, could and can't to say how certain you are about the present.
Using had + past participle to show which of two past events happened first.
The difference between -ed and -ing adjectives โ bored vs boring, excited vs exciting.
When you can split a phrasal verb โ and when you can't.
Talking about experiences and events connected to the present.
Actions that started in the past and are still in progress, with for and since.
Choosing the right tense โ when time matters and when it doesn't.
A side-by-side review of six tenses: simple past, past progressive, past perfect, past perfect progressive, present perfect, and present perfect progressive.
Myself, yourself, himself, herself โ when to use reflexive pronouns.
Reporting what others said, with tense and pronoun changes.
Using was / were + past participle to focus on actions rather than who did them.
Focusing on what receives the action using is/are + past participle.
Predictions about what will and won't happen: will be + past participle.
Imaginary or unlikely present and future situations.
Expressing degree and intensifying descriptions.
Use so, such, too and enough to express degree, intensity and sufficiency.
Verbs that describe states, verbs that describe actions, and the ones that do both.
Adding short question tags with be, do and modal verbs.
Love, like, hate, prefer, would like, would prefer and would rather.
Criticising past mistakes and expressing regret with should(n't) have + past participle.
Expressing regret with wish + had / hadn't + past participle.
Split a sentence to spotlight one part: It's a love of life that motivates them; What I need is a holiday.
Conditions without if: unless, as long as, provided that, in case, once and since.
All four conditionals side by side: zero, first, second and third, real and unreal.
Plans and obligations that never happened: was going to, was supposed to, would.
After any preposition, use the -ing form: good at cooking, look forward to seeing you.
Drop if and invert the subject: Should, Were and Had in formal conditional sentences.
Combine two time frames: an unreal condition and result in different times.
Front a negative adverbial and flip the subject and auxiliary: never have I, no sooner had we, little did she know.
Clauses that act as nouns: what you wear, that she got the job, whether to accept.
Link two things with two halves: both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also.
The three participle forms and what they mean: walking in, called a skill, having done this a few times.
Tenseless passives: must be answered, would like to be given, hates being introduced.
Report information formally without naming a source: It is said thatโฆ and โฆis said to haveโฆ
Draw conclusions about finished events: must have, may/might/could have, can't have.
Shorten clauses of reason to a participle: standing in the queue, being metal, having used her name.
Drop the relative pronoun โ and sometimes be: tornadoes we've seen, people interested in it, letters sent yesterday.
Shorten time clauses to a gerund: after studying all day, before leaving, on hearing the news.
Defining and non-defining clauses: who, which, that, whose, where โ and where the commas go.
Use the bare infinitive after that: I recommend that she take the train; it is vital that he be told.
Hypothetical past situations and their imagined results.
Report advice, requests and rules: tell her to wait, ask them not to call.